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HIGHOXID.TXT
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1991-02-04
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Stainless steels are widely used for their oxidation resistance at elevated
temperatures. In air, a protective scale is formed which is generally quite
stable up to about 1500F to 1600F unless substantial cycling of temperature
occurs.
Typical applications and maximum service temperatures follow:
Alloy Temperature Application
409 1500°F Automotive mufflers
446 2100°F Industrial furnace components
304 1600°F Alloy of reference
309 1800°F Industrial and refinery furnaces
310 1900°F Industrial and process furnaces bolting
321/347 1600°F Automotive gaskets
Special Considerations for High Temperature Service
Water vapor and SO2, if present, can accelerate oxidation rates of stainless
steels. H2S and sulfur vapors are more aggressive to stainless steels than
oxygen and substantially reduce the maximum allowable temperature in air.
Brittle failures under load have occasionally occurred from 885F
embrittlement in the ferritic grades and from sigma formation in the
1000-1500F range in 309 and 310.